One of the first questions every JLPT candidate asks is "how many words do I actually need?" There's no official list anymore — the JLPT stopped publishing one in 2010 — but years of analysis by teachers and publishers give us solid working estimates. Here's the map.
The commonly cited estimates
These are the widely used community/publisher figures. Treat them as ballpark targets, not exact cut-offs:
| Level | Vocabulary (approx.) | Kanji (approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| N5 | ~800 words | ~100 kanji |
| N4 | ~1,500 words | ~300 kanji |
| N3 | ~3,700 words | ~650 kanji |
| N2 | ~6,000 words | ~1,000 kanji |
| N1 | ~10,000+ words | ~2,000 kanji |
Note how the jumps get bigger. N5→N4 roughly doubles; N2→N1 nearly doubles again on a much larger base. The back half of the JLPT is where the real vocabulary marathon lives.
Why these numbers are only a guide
- There's no official list. These are reverse-engineered from past exams and textbooks, so sources disagree by a few hundred words.
- The counts are cumulative. N3 assumes you still know your N5 and N4 words. You're not learning 3,700 new words for N3 — you're reaching a 3,700-word total.
- Recognition thresholds differ from production. You can pass by recognizing these words; being able to use them is a higher bar. See recognition vs recall.
Turning a scary number into a daily habit
Big totals feel impossible until you divide by time. Say you're at N5 (800 words) aiming for N3 (3,700) — that's roughly 2,900 new words. At a sustainable pace:
- 10 new words/day → about 290 study days (~10 months).
- 15 new words/day → about 195 days (~6–7 months).
- 20 new words/day → about 145 days (~5 months).
Those are aggressive-but-doable numbers if you actually retain what you learn — which is exactly what spaced repetition is for. Cram and you'll re-learn the same words three times. See spaced repetition for Japanese.
The part the counts hide
Hitting a word count isn't the same as being exam-ready. You also need:
- Grammar for each level — the word count says nothing about this. (Cotobara vs Bunpro covers the grammar side.)
- Reading speed and listening, which only come from volume and context.
- Retention, not just exposure. A word you "learned" and forgot doesn't count.
How to actually get there
Pick words that matter for your level, learn them in context, and review on a schedule so they stick. Cotobara does exactly this: a curated, JLPT-aligned corpus ordered by level and frequency, with native audio and example sentences, plus mastery and exam-readiness views so you can see your progress toward each level's target instead of guessing. If you're brand new, start with the essential N5 vocabulary.
The counts are big, but they're just daily habits in disguise.
Start Cotobara for free — study the right words for your level and watch your exam-readiness climb.